tertiary activity tends to occupy central places in space. Walter Christaller developed in Germany (1933), a theory about the distribution and hierarchy of central places in an isotropic space.
According to this theory, a central location would be one that could offer services to certain classes. Each utility will have a minimum claim threshold, needed to be installed. The threshold of demand is therefore the smallest population which should provide a service to achieve a balance between expenditure and income. Each service, and each product will have a different threshold, depending on its price. To calculate this threshold must take into account the product price and transportation costs. The maximum distance or cost of travel, which moves a customer to obtain the product is called a scope, physical reach the market.
If we place a company in one place this will tend to concentrate the population and serve the people of central place and the whole range. If the range is greater than the threshold will have an area not covered by the company, as the population away tend not to travel to purchase this service, unless the accumulation consumption of services, and in this area arise other businesses of this kind, to strike a balance. The area of \u200b\u200bthe reach of a company will have a hexagonal shape, to ensure that service delivery to all isotropic space.
The price of the product determines the threshold required by the company. The higher price the higher the threshold, but also the longer the range. This allows for a hierarchy of central places. The first-order central places are smaller and more numerous, and higher order fewer. Higher order there is only one. Place higher-order central has all the amenities of the lower orders. The central places of higher order services have lower central places. The larger the population is more central.
In the geometric model, the number of central places would always be a multiple of 3, but the transport network makes changes in access and cost of travel, so the number of central places is a multiple of 4. Furthermore, if the border region is the number of central places can be up to a multiple of 7.
Without taking too rigidly to the theory, this is true in reality with a lot more often than one might expect of the irregularity of real space. However, the historical evolution often distort it. The biggest problem does not solve the theory is the influence that population density has on the scope and size threshold. The differences in population density, which supports the theory itself by concentrating the population in central places, can make the scope of a company is always exceed the threshold.
According to this theory, a central location would be one that could offer services to certain classes. Each utility will have a minimum claim threshold, needed to be installed. The threshold of demand is therefore the smallest population which should provide a service to achieve a balance between expenditure and income. Each service, and each product will have a different threshold, depending on its price. To calculate this threshold must take into account the product price and transportation costs. The maximum distance or cost of travel, which moves a customer to obtain the product is called a scope, physical reach the market.
If we place a company in one place this will tend to concentrate the population and serve the people of central place and the whole range. If the range is greater than the threshold will have an area not covered by the company, as the population away tend not to travel to purchase this service, unless the accumulation consumption of services, and in this area arise other businesses of this kind, to strike a balance. The area of \u200b\u200bthe reach of a company will have a hexagonal shape, to ensure that service delivery to all isotropic space.
The price of the product determines the threshold required by the company. The higher price the higher the threshold, but also the longer the range. This allows for a hierarchy of central places. The first-order central places are smaller and more numerous, and higher order fewer. Higher order there is only one. Place higher-order central has all the amenities of the lower orders. The central places of higher order services have lower central places. The larger the population is more central.
In the geometric model, the number of central places would always be a multiple of 3, but the transport network makes changes in access and cost of travel, so the number of central places is a multiple of 4. Furthermore, if the border region is the number of central places can be up to a multiple of 7.
Without taking too rigidly to the theory, this is true in reality with a lot more often than one might expect of the irregularity of real space. However, the historical evolution often distort it. The biggest problem does not solve the theory is the influence that population density has on the scope and size threshold. The differences in population density, which supports the theory itself by concentrating the population in central places, can make the scope of a company is always exceed the threshold.
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